• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Diacylglycerols

  2020-02-25

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and phosphatidic Oxonic acid potassium salt (PA) play fundamental roles in biology as basic components of membranes, intermediates in lipid metabolism, and secondary messengers in cellular signaling (Carrasco and Merida, 2007, Fang et a

• br Conclusion br Competing interests br Authors contribution

  2020-02-25

  

  Conclusion Competing interests Authors\' contributions Acknowledgements The work was supported by Aurigene Discovery Technologies (M) Sdn. Bhd., Industrial Doctoral Program sponsorship by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and research grants by the University of Malaya, grant number

• br In patients with type I diabetes mellitus poor management

  2020-02-24

  

  In patients with type I diabetes mellitus poor management causes/INS; a drastic rise in glucose levels resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). About 1% of DKA episodes can be complicated by cerebral edema. ET and its receptors are involved in the regulation of /INS;cerebral blood flow. We studie

• Impulsive burying and freezing behaviors in response to

  2020-02-24

  

  Impulsive burying and freezing behaviors in response to aversive stimuli may represent attempts to avoid novel and/or aversive stimuli. These behaviors can be assessed utilizing the marble burying and conditioned fear tasks, respectively. For example, Wistar rats in proestrus and ovariectomized rats

• The ERR gene lacks the typical TATA

  2020-02-24

  

  The ERRα gene lacks the typical TATA and CAAT boxes, but has multiple consensus Sp1 binding elements in the GC-rich promoter (Shi et al., 1997). Previously, our laboratory has shown that ERRα expression is upregulated in the mouse uterus by estrogen (Shigeta et al., 1997) and recently we identified

• br Diverse functions of ERK pathway Same as the

  2020-02-24

  

  Diverse functions of ERK pathway Same as the other MAPK cascades, the ERK pathway is activated by several extracellular stimuli and different internal routes. ERK vitally tunes the function of various substrates in all cellular components; the nucleus, cytoplasm, membranes and the cytoskeleton. E

• Molecular modelling studies were performed on the

  2020-02-24

  

  Molecular modelling studies were performed on the hDHFR inhibitors identified (1, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25 and 32) to explore the structural basis of the interaction between the mentioned compounds and the human enzyme. The docking studies were performed using the X-ray crystallographic structure of the h

• Introduction Psoralea corylifolia L Leguminosae is a well kn

  2020-02-24

  

  Introduction Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and it has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases like bronchial asthma, leucopenia, vitiligo and psoriasis in East Asian countries (Zhang et al., 1990). Previous studies have reported t

• Abrahamson and coworkers recently demonstrated a distinct ro

  2020-02-24

  

  Abrahamson and coworkers (2009) recently demonstrated a distinct role of the podocyte in preservation and production of mature GBM-components such as α3/4/5(IV)-chains. This group further verified that collagen receptors (integrins) are linked to the cisapride of podocytes. In accordance to this da

• br Concluding Remarks Synthetic cytokine biology

  2020-02-24

  

  Concluding Remarks Synthetic cytokine biology has become an important research area with novel solutions and ideas for therapeutic approaches, for example, synthekines, fusokines, immunocytokines, neoleukins, MESA receptors, or synthetic Notch or cytokine receptors. In addition to their huge impa

• In the present study we

  2020-02-24

  

  In the present study, we identified that SDF-1α could significantly elevate the expression of p-P65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway and p-Akt in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while significantly reducing the expression of p-IκB in the NF-κB signaling pathway. AMD3100 and hesperidin antagonized the

• A variety of fused membered

  2020-02-24

  

  A variety of fused 6–5-membered ring chemotypes have arisen such as 7-azaindole acetic acids, benzimidazolyl acetic acids, spiro-indolinone acetic acids, and indolizine acetic acids, however, to the best of our knowledge, fused 5,5-membered ring systems have not been reported. Prostaglandin D (PG

• N methyl d aspartate NMDA

  2020-02-24

  

  N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as MK-801 and phencyclidine, induce cognitive dysfunction in both mice and humans [18]. In addition, antipsychotic drugs ameliorate MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction; therefore, the acute application of MK-801 can be used as an animal model o

• Another important mediator in fear learning is the

  2020-02-24

  

  Another important mediator in fear learning is the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). For example, local repeated administration of CRF into the basolateral amygdala potentiates the acquisition of cue-conditioned fear (Bijlsma et al., 2011) and CRF1 receptor antagonists effectively b

• Data from our in vitro studies

  2020-02-24

  

  Data from our in vitro studies using BEAS-2B cells showed a biphasic response of cells to NNK. The initial phase of decrease in CRM1 expression in NNK-exposed cells was observed in our previous study. In this study, we further showed that p-p53 (Thr55) expression was also decreased during this initi

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