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Recent studies have shown that
2020-11-05
Recent studies have shown that the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2), commonly referred to collectively as ERK 1/2, are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. This family of kinases transport signals from the surface of the cell to the nucleus, th
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Prostaglandin E PGE is involved in several
2020-11-05
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in several biological processes such as renal function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. The various biological effects of PGE2 are mediated by the so-called E-type prostanoid receptors (EP1 to EP4). Among these, the EP4 receptor has been well studied
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In the present study it was particularly of interest
2020-11-05
In the present study, it was particularly of interest that intravesical administration of PGE2 evoked ONO-8130-reversible rapid phosphorylation of ERK in the L6 spinal cord. Detection of phosphorylated ERK is now often used as a marker for somatic and visceral nociception, including SC75741 australi
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S-Adenosylhomocysteine Our present results support a major r
2020-11-05
Our present results support a major role of EP1 receptors in peripheral heat sensitization and a smaller contribution to central heat sensitization but no contribution to mechanical sensitization. While the contribution of peripheral EP1 receptors to heat hyperalgesia is in good agreement with the a
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Another enzyme class that has emerged as
2020-11-05
Another enzyme class that has emerged as a potential alternative to P450s are the so-called ‘unspecific peroxygenases’ (UPOs). They also contain a heme but are extracellularly expressed fungal enzymes that are often more stable than P450 monooxygenases. Importantly, UPOs use H2O2 instead of O2 as th
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Of the acidic hydroxyazoles involved hydroxypyrazole had
2020-11-05
Of the acidic hydroxyazoles involved, hydroxypyrazole had the weakest acidic profile (pKa in the range of 6–7), although highly deprotonated at physiological pH. During hit optimization, the two pyrazole ring positions available for substitution provide an opportunity for a better exploration of the
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The fibrillogenesis process of collagen is understood to
2020-11-05
The fibrillogenesis process of collagen is understood to initiate in the extracellular space near the plasma membrane where secretory vesicles form regions of deep invagination. However, it is not clear how and when collagen-binding proteins interact with collagen molecules during fibrillogenesis or
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The first transcription factor TF
2020-11-05
The first transcription factor (TF) known to interact with one of the cis-acting GAREs is GAMYB protein, the expression of which is induced by GA in the aleurone IFN-alpha 1, human recombinant protein of barley (HvGAMYB) (Gubler and Jacobsen, 1992). GAMYB is an important regulator of endosperm funct
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To elucidate the potential mechanism underlying
2020-11-05
To elucidate the potential mechanism underlying osteosarcoma cell growth decrease by CDK4 inhibition, flow cytometry analysis was used to determine cdk9 inhibitor mg and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells after palbociclib treatment. The results showed that osteosarcoma cells were arrested in G1
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br Conflicts of interest br
2020-11-05
Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in the US and worldwide., Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the predominant form of lung cancer (approximately 85%)., With some improvements in surgical techniques and combined ther
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cdc42 Within the Class II receptors the
2020-11-05
Within the Class II receptors, the Type I IFN receptor subunit, IFNAR-1, is exceptional in having four tandem FNIII domains, denoted here D1–D4. This structure appears to have arisen as a tandem cdc42 of the basic D1/D2 structure; thus, D1 and D3 of IFNAR-1 are more closely related, as are D2 and D
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Sex has been shown to mediate the relationship between
2020-11-05
Sex has been shown to mediate the relationship between allelic differences in COMT and behavior (Harrison & Tunbridge, 2008). The COMT promoter region contains 2 estrogen response elements (Xie, Ho, & Ramsden, 1999) that can inhibit the formation of COMT (Jiang, Xie, Ramsden, & Ho, 2003). With regar
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It is now known that cholinergic signaling plays a
2020-11-05
It is now known that cholinergic signaling plays a vital role in controlling many peripheral functions including skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, autonomic postganglionic neuron activation, parasympathetic end-organ activation (e.g., salivary, lacrimal and bronchial glands), regulation of car
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Alogliptin mg br Conclusion and future perspectives
2020-11-05
Conclusion and future perspectives LDL cholesterol-lowering therapy is essential for cardiovascular risk reduction. On the background of a high inter-personal variation of cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol Alogliptin mg the efficacy of cholesterol lowering, both, with statins and with ezetim
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br Funding This work was
2020-11-05
Funding This work was supported by intramural funding of the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen. Acknowledgments Introduction Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a central second messenger that controls a plethora of vital functions.
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