• In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is

  2021-09-08

  

  In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is an additional receptor, FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1, also known as FGFR5) (Ornitz and Itoh, 2015, Trueb et al., 2003). FGFRL1 gene was discovered in a cartilage specific cDNA library in 2000 (Trueb, 2011, Trueb et al., 2003) and thereafter it has been found i

• br Funding The authors disclose the following

  2021-09-07

  

  Funding The authors disclose the following support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). TM is the recipient of a BMS/CTN postdoctoral fellowship and PKQ was funded by a CAHR/CIHR doctoral scholarship. A

• Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons is

  2021-09-07

  

  Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons is also known as a co-agonist of NMDAR (Roux and Supplisson, 2000). Neuronal glycine in mouse hippocampus might be released from glutamatergic terminals (Muller et al., 2013) that express functional CPI-203 receptors (Rodriguez et al., 1997). Glyc

• Multiple studies from our laboratory and others which

  2021-09-07

  

  Multiple studies from our laboratory and others, which have used stoichiometric kinetic analyses of ANP/NPRA, have provided strong evidence that bound ligand-receptor complexes are internalized and processed intracellularly, and that degraded products are released into the culture medium of various

• Renal disease is characterized by aberrant

  2021-09-07

  

  Renal disease is characterized by aberrant fibrotic remodeling of renal tissue, elevated apoptosis in kidney tissue, and eventual organ failure. In addition, patients with renal disease are more likely to suffer from systemic hypertension due to oxidative damage (reviewed in Ref. [18]). Treatment of

• The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between

  2021-09-07

  

  The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages suggests that the role of FFA2R may be restricted to the very early phase of acute inflammation where neutrophils are dominating players called into action, whereas GPR84 may have a broader functional

• Following activation it is necessary

  2021-09-07

  

  Following activation, it is necessary for a subset of activated effector T cells to survive as long-lived memory T cells. Metabolically, this transition is dependent upon the ability of the cell to downregulate aerobic glycolysis and transition back to a more oxidative phenotype. In fact, enhancemen

• To characterize the binding receptor for HIV gp

  2021-09-07

  

  To characterize the binding receptor for HIV-1 gp120 in autophagy, we used the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 along with gp120 to treat the cardiomyocytes. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of the NMDA receptor significantly blocked the increase of gp120 induced autoph

• A number of GCK activators for treating

  2021-09-07

  

  A number of GCK activators for treating T2D have been developed and tested but not progressed successfully from clinical trials into therapy [45]. Our observations suggest that increased risk of hypoglycemia might be possible, particularly if drugs penetrate into brain. A further possibility is that

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2021-09-07

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a fellowship to C.H. under the ‘100 Foreign Expert’ scheme of the Shanxi province government(R100456). Conflict of interest: Dr. Holscher is a named inventor on a patent submitted by Lancaster University on the use of dual GLP-1/GIP analogues in neurode

• TXNIP interacts with various proteins

  2021-09-06

  

  TXNIP interacts with various proteins, including NLRP3 (Yoshihara et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2010). Emerging evidence suggests that TXNIP plays a role in ER stress-mediated cell death and in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation step (Abderrazak et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2012, Oslowski et al., 2012,

• In recent years it was discovered in

  2021-09-06

  

  In recent years, it was discovered in animals that certain types of non-apoptotic cell death are strictly dependent on iron and ROS. The term ‘ferroptosis’, derived from the Greek word ‘ptosis’ (falling) and the Latin word ‘ferrum’ (iron), is coined to describe such cell death phenomena. Cytoplasmic

• On the other hand Li Zhang et al

  2021-09-06

  

  On the other hand, Li+ (Zhang et al., 1996) and Ca2+ (Gizak et al., 2004) cations inhibit FBPases. However, in the case of Ca2+, the inhibition is attributed solely to the muscle isozyme which is over 100 times more susceptible to the cation action than the liver isoform (Gizak et al., 2004). At the

• Andexanet alfa works as a decoy for

  2021-09-06

  

  Andexanet alfa works as a decoy for the FXa inhibitor to bind to irreversibly. The recently completed ANDEXA-4 trial, which was a prospective, open-label, single group study, found that patients achieved good or excellent hemostasis in 82% of subjects [, , ]. There was an overall 10% thromboembolic

• There are limited studies on antibody responses

  2021-09-06

  

  There are limited studies on antibody responses against HIV-1 integrase antigen. According to previous studies, almost 5 percent of individuals infected with HIV never raise anti-integrase Rifapentine (Rikhtegaran Tehrani et al., 2015; Chang et al., 1985). If this rate is identical in individuals i

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