• One of the main clinical issues of ABCB together with

  2022-07-29

  

  One of the main clinical issues of ABCB1, together with its impact on intestinal absorption, concerns its location at the BBB. Indeed, ABCB1 has been identified in the luminal side of endothelial cells and in the abluminal side of astrocyte endfeet processes of the CNS microvasculature [[36], [37],

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-07-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion l-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is functionally involved in many processes of the nervous system which have been connected with several neurological diseases [4]. These conditions are characterized by the time-d

• The glucocorticoid GR complex exerts wide spread cellular ef

  2022-07-29

  

  The glucocorticoid-GR complex exerts wide-spread cellular effects through two distinct mechanisms categorized as genomic and non-genomic pathways [3,39]. Most non-genomic pathways originate from activation of mGR [40]. These actions of the GR appear to all play an important role in the regulation of

• We speculated modulation of redox balance in brain by

  2022-07-29

  

  We speculated modulation of redox balance in brain, by activation of GIP receptor pathway. QA is known to mediate production of ROS, lipid peroxidation by its interactions with Fe2+ and formation of QA-Fe2+ complex (Braidy et al., 2010, Rios and Santamaria, 1991, Stipek et al., 1997). QA induces NOS

• One important discovery of our

  2022-07-29

  

  One important discovery of our study is the identification of a pharmacological mechanism for the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) in promoting joint health. EM is a commonly used antibiotic that directly binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis [66]. Although EM-like macrolide I

• It must be noted that while the accumulated evidence on

  2022-07-29

  

  It must be noted that while the accumulated evidence on molecular mechanisms has resulted in well-established experimental methods to externally act on single-cell characteristics and networks, safe and efficient external methods to modify multicellular states are still a matter of basic research. C

• br Secretase in inflammatory diseases Secretase appears to

  2022-07-29

  

  γ-Secretase in inflammatory diseases γ-Secretase appears to play a more important role than previously recognized in inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that mice partially deficient in PS genes (PS1+/− PS2−/−) develop an immune system deficit in late adulthood, such as ulcerated skin or a

• Conclusions br Author information The obtained models of com

  2022-07-29

  

  Conclusions Author information The obtained models of complexes of FPR2 with most of the described compounds are freely available at the author’s web site: http://www.biomodellab.eu/models/. Acknowledgements This work was partly done at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Compu

• Clinical data showed TAK was rapidly

  2022-07-29

  

  Clinical data showed TAK-875 was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 28-30h and clearance primarily through glucouronidation in the liver with minimal urinary clearance [30]. TAK-875 made the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels fall significantly from baseline after 24-week administration in onc

• In a recent study Neelaveni et al

  2022-07-29

  

  In a recent study, Neelaveni et al. [47] revealed that new thiazolidinedione derivatives (Fig. 6 a and 6 b) produced dual PPARγ and FFAR1 agonistic activity at micromolar concentrations with insulin sensitizing effects and enhanced insulin secretion from the pancreas. These derivatives were reported

• br Results br Discussion CD

  2022-07-29

  

  Results Discussion CD8 T 680C91 are important for immune control of many viral infections (Ehtisham et al., 1993, Kagi et al., 1994, Mullbacher et al., 1999, Walsh et al., 1994). CD8 T cells are essential for efficient clearance of MAV-1 from the lungs and for airway inflammation during acute

• Consistent with our gene profiling analyses

  2022-07-29

  

  Consistent with our gene-profiling analyses showing that genes involved in mutual compensation of EGFR or integrin/FAK were significantly downregulated by Tinagl1 overexpression, treatment with r-Tinagl1 inhibited the activation of EGFR and FAK in vitro, and phenocopied the combined inhibition of in

• HCC is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors

  2022-07-28

  

  HCC is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related death, globally [[11], [12], [13]]. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely related to the development of liver diseases [[14], [15], [16], [17]]. More than 350 million people are chronically infected with H

• Recent evidence suggests that HCA can also mediate antineuro

  2022-07-27

  

  Recent evidence suggests that HCA2 can also mediate antineuroinflammatory effects [63]. Studies in this field were initiated when monomethyl fumarate, the metabolite of DMF, was shown to be an agonist of HCA2[5]. DMF at the same time was shown to not only have beneficial effects in the treatment of

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments The aut

  2022-07-27

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). Introduction G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has emerg

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